Organic Reaction Pathways and Energy Profiles
Chemistry ⇒ Carbon and Organic Chemistry
Organic Reaction Pathways and Energy Profiles starts at 11 and continues till grade 12.
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A reaction has an activation energy of 50 kJ/mol and a ΔH of -20 kJ/mol. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Describe the difference between a reaction intermediate and a transition state in an organic reaction pathway.
Describe the effect of a catalyst on the activation energy and the overall enthalpy change of a reaction.
Describe the main difference between homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage in organic reactions.
Describe the role of temperature in affecting the rate of an organic reaction.
Explain why a reaction with a large negative ΔH is not always fast.
Explain why SN2 reactions are more likely to occur with primary alkyl halides than with tertiary alkyl halides.
Explain why tertiary carbocations are more stable than primary carbocations.
In an energy profile diagram, what does a lower activation energy indicate about the reaction rate?
In the context of organic reaction mechanisms, what is meant by the term 'rate-determining step'?
The energy profile of a reaction shows two peaks. What does this indicate about the reaction mechanism?
A certain organic reaction proceeds via a two-step mechanism. The first step is endothermic and slow, while the second step is exothermic and fast. Explain, with reference to the energy profile, which step determines the overall rate and why.
A reaction has two possible pathways: one with a lower activation energy but less negative ΔH, and one with a higher activation energy but more negative ΔH. Which pathway is favored kinetically, and which is favored thermodynamically?
Consider the following reaction pathway: A → B → C. The activation energy for A → B is 80 kJ/mol, and for B → C is 40 kJ/mol. If the overall enthalpy change (ΔH) for A → C is -30 kJ/mol, calculate the activation energy for the reverse reaction C → A.
Describe how the Hammond postulate relates the structure of the transition state to the energies of reactants and products in an organic reaction pathway.
