Organic Reaction Pathways and Energy Profiles
Chemistry ⇒ Carbon and Organic Chemistry
Organic Reaction Pathways and Energy Profiles starts at 11 and continues till grade 12.
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A reaction has an activation energy of 50 kJ/mol and a ΔH of -20 kJ/mol. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic?
Describe the difference between a reaction intermediate and a transition state.
Describe the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of an organic reaction.
Describe the main difference between E1 and E2 elimination mechanisms.
Describe the role of a leaving group in a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
Explain why a catalyst does not affect the position of equilibrium in a reversible reaction.
Explain why elimination reactions often compete with substitution reactions in alkyl halides.
Explain why primary alkyl halides are more reactive in SN2 reactions than tertiary alkyl halides.
Explain why tertiary alkyl halides are more likely to undergo SN1 reactions than primary alkyl halides.
In a reaction energy profile, what does a valley between two peaks represent?
In a reaction energy profile, what does the difference in energy between the reactants and the transition state represent?
In the context of organic reaction pathways, what is meant by the term 'rate-determining step'?
A student proposes that increasing the concentration of a nucleophile will increase the rate of both SN1 and SN2 reactions equally. Is this statement correct? Explain your answer.
Consider the following reaction pathway: A → B → C. The activation energy for the first step (A → B) is 80 kJ/mol, and for the second step (B → C) is 40 kJ/mol. If the overall enthalpy change (ΔH) for the reaction is -30 kJ/mol, calculate the activation energy required for the reverse reaction (C → A).
Consider the following scenario: In a two-step reaction, the first step is endothermic and the second step is exothermic. If the intermediate is less stable than both the reactants and products, what can you infer about the relative heights of the two activation energy peaks in the energy profile?
Describe how the presence of a reaction intermediate affects the shape of the energy profile for a two-step organic reaction.
Explain why the energy of the transition state is always higher than that of the reactants and products in an organic reaction pathway.
