Evolutionary Relationships
Biology ⇒ Evolution and Diversity
Evolutionary Relationships starts at 9 and continues till grade 12.
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See sample questions for grade 12
A researcher finds that two species share a unique genetic marker not found in any other species. What does this suggest about their evolutionary relationship?
A scientist compares the amino acid sequences of a protein in two species and finds only two differences. What does this suggest about their evolutionary relationship?
Describe how fossil evidence can be used to determine evolutionary relationships.
Describe the difference between a monophyletic, paraphyletic, and polyphyletic group.
Describe the significance of outgroups in constructing phylogenetic trees.
Describe what a clade is in the context of evolutionary relationships.
Explain how molecular clocks are used to estimate evolutionary relationships.
Explain the difference between homologous and analogous structures.
Explain the importance of using multiple lines of evidence when determining evolutionary relationships.
Explain why analogous structures do not indicate close evolutionary relationships.
Explain why mitochondrial DNA is often used to study evolutionary relationships.
In a phylogenetic tree, what does a node represent?
A phylogenetic analysis of four species (A, B, C, D) based on DNA sequences shows that A and B share 98% sequence similarity, B and C share 95%, and C and D share 99%. Based on this data, which two species are most closely related?
A researcher is constructing a phylogenetic tree using both morphological and molecular data. Explain one potential source of conflict between these two types of data and how it might be resolved.
Describe how horizontal gene transfer can complicate the reconstruction of evolutionary relationships among prokaryotes.
Describe how the principle of maximum likelihood is used in constructing phylogenetic trees.
Explain the concept of molecular homoplasy and provide an example of how it can affect the interpretation of evolutionary relationships.
