Cell Communication and Signaling
Biology ⇒ Cell Biology
Cell Communication and Signaling starts at 10 and continues till grade 12.
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See sample questions for grade 12
A cell receives conflicting signals: one promoting cell division and another promoting cell death. What determines the cell's response?
A mutation in a cell causes its receptors to be constantly active, even without a ligand. What could be a possible consequence?
A researcher adds a drug that blocks the production of cAMP in a cell. What effect will this have on a signaling pathway that uses cAMP as a second messenger?
Describe how a signal is amplified in a signal transduction pathway.
Describe how feedback inhibition can regulate a signaling pathway.
Describe the function of G-proteins in cell signaling.
Describe the role of calcium ions (Ca2+) as second messengers in cell signaling.
Describe the three main stages of cell signaling.
Explain the difference between a primary messenger and a secondary messenger in cell signaling.
Explain the role of second messengers in signal transduction pathways.
Explain why signal transduction pathways often involve multiple steps.
Explain why some signaling molecules require cell surface receptors while others can use intracellular receptors.
What is the main difference between endocrine and paracrine signaling?
What is the primary function of a ligand in cell signaling?
What is the role of phosphatases in cell signaling?
A cell is exposed to a ligand that binds to a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Outline the sequence of events that occurs from ligand binding to a change in gene expression.
A mutation causes a G-protein to lose its ability to hydrolyze GTP to GDP. Predict and explain the effect this would have on the cell signaling pathway involving this G-protein.
A researcher discovers a new signaling molecule that is rapidly degraded in the extracellular space and only affects cells within a few micrometers of its release site. What type of signaling is this most likely to represent?
A scientist observes that a certain cell type responds to a hormone only when another signaling molecule is present. What is the term for this phenomenon, and what does it suggest about the integration of signals in cells?
Describe how the localization of receptors (cell surface vs. intracellular) affects the types of signaling molecules that can activate them.
